Child drowning to do with

Drowning, is a constant surprise. Found in poor self-protection ability of infants and children. If you are not familiar with water in swimming, do not understand the situation of swimming pool, organized properly, fatigue or hunger situation, regardless of their physical strength to go swimming, accidents can occur.

First, identify

Often by the oral, nasal inhalation of large amounts of water from drowning caused by suffocation, finally leading to death. After few may result in children into the water, frightened, fear, sudden strong irritant such as cold, reflection of laryngeal spasm caused by, resulting in respiratory tract obstruction completely, although water can not enter the respiratory tract, but due to hypoxia caused by asphyxia.

1. Drowning within the human body change

(1) fresh water drowning River to freshwater in General, because of low osmotic pressure than the blood of freshwater, when numerous freshwater after inhalation of respiratory tract and the lungs, soon be infiltration within the capillaries of the lungs while entering circulation, this process is quick, about 3 minutes to make 100% increase in circulating blood volume. Due to the sharp increase in blood volume, can lead to heart failure and pulmonary edema. The other hand, due to the large amounts of water into the circulatory system, a significant drop in plasma osmotic pressure, water and fast to transfer to the red blood cells, the rupture of red blood cells rapidly expanding, caused by hemoglobin in the urine. Due to rupture of red blood cells, red blood cell of large amounts of potassium ions enter the plasma, causing high blood potassium. Cardiac ventricular fibrillation due to hypoxia and electrolyte disturbances (heart is only valid with trembling and without contraction), resulting in death.

(2) of seawater drowning because seawater is hypertonic solution, when large amounts of seawater after entering the respiratory tract and the lungs, loop a lot of liquid from the low permeability of the blood of rapid transfer to alveolar, with serious pulmonary edema and blood concentration, may decrease the blood volume by 40% in 3 minutes, resulting in hypotension leading to heart failure and death.

2. Drowning procedure when when a person from drowning, first of all, there is a reflex of the protective measures, that is, apnea, by half to 1 minute, due to hypoxia and start breathing, moisture is inhalation of respiratory tract. For a variety of reflection at this time still exists, so it can be severe vomiting, vomit can be inhaled, causing airway obstruction. Due to severe apnea hypoxia, loss of consciousness almost. About 1.5 minutes, breathing stops or stop temporarily after recovery, continued to absorb water, total loss of consciousness, Mydriasis, after about 1 minute, breathing stopped altogether, followed heartbeat. Visible drowned only 4-5 minutes. After drowning occurs in children, most due to the panic, severe restlessness, combined with the physical weak, so the process faster.

3. Children rescued from drowning after the surface manifestations of the drowning caused by cerebral hypoxia, cerebral edema in children in different degrees of complexion cyanosis or pallor, cold clammy limbs, systemic edema, coma, seizures, irritability or anxiety, memory decline or disappear, low vision, and other neurological symptoms. At the same time can be reduced blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, or heartbeat occurs. Also breathing difficulties or breathing stop, oliguria or anuria. Young children are more vulnerable to hypothermia occurs. After the recovery may be complicated by pneumonia, Lung abscess, or sequelae of cerebral hypoxia, severe cases can be vegetative performance.

Second, process

Most breathing disorders in children from drowning or cardio-respiratory arrest, so major mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and artificial circulation as soon as possible.

1. First aid

(1) pour asphyxia due to water inhalation of respiratory tract and the lungs, usually in the first when bailing out of the water rapidly poured water in children, to keep the airway open. And the placement of children with abdominal rescue knees on his thigh, head of children with PTOSIS, and then press the back, make the mouth water poured in the pharynx and trachea. If there is no airway obstruction does not have to pour water. Not water, should be stopped immediately, and then do mouth-to-mouth and extrusion of the heart.

(2) artificial respiration and chest heart squeeze when rescue the children saved from drowning after water pour out of the water, you should immediately do mouth-to-mouth. Clear the block as soon as possible in the mouth and nose in the mud, vomit, weeds and other, maintain the airway patency. Because some water retention in the respiratory tract after drowning, airway resistance increased markedly, if using hand pressure method for artificial respiration, due to the small amount of ventilation, work, thus drowning treatment is often not used. Mouth or mouth to nose for artificial respiration, ventilation, so this method should be used when the site rescue of children from drowning. On the nose and apply artificial respiration tetanus and child care. Deep breath before the rescue from drowning in your mouth and nose-blowing into, when the patients chest is slightly starting, blowing stopped, and repeatedly. No chest starting after blowing, should find out, possibly due to a lack of air blowing, airway obstruction, or improper posture. Common reasons for full backwards enough. If the heartbeat in children from drowning, while the artificial respiration for chest heart squeezed. Children with first-aid by kneeling on one side, hands folded, with the Palm below the sternum, above the xiphoid in children with roots in, take their own body weight, down, and discharge pressure, chest up on their own. Depending on the size in children, artificial respiration per minute for the 18~25 time, chest and heart squeezed 80~100 beats per minute.

2. Dealt with in the hospital due to drowning children with pathological changes of the complex, so a few mild disease outside, after first aid, the most required rapid was taken to hospital for further treatment.

(1) management with the exception of breathing spontaneously breathing patients has been restored, endotracheal intubation should be made to maintain airway patency and continuous positive pressure breathing or intermittent positive pressure breathing. If necessary, into a hyperbaric oxygen Chamber, on improving hypoxia, prevent edema, cerebral edema have an important role.

(2) cycle maintenance of ventricular fibrillation can often occur in children from drowning, you must promptly. Available epinephrine injection, at the same time do a shock defibrillation. 5% sodium bicarbonate and application in time,-5 mL/kg body weight, or 11. 2% sodium lactate, each 3 mL/kg body weight, join the 10% glucose intravenous infusion of fluids, correcting metabolic acidosis.

(3) prevention and treatment of pulmonary edema after initial resuscitation in children from drowning, a significant part of the lung

Edema and life-threatening. Continuous positive pressure breathing should be given and dehydrating agent, tonic cure.

(4) prevention and treatment of infection recovers most of them have different degrees of infection from drowning, mainly to pulmonary infections and should strengthen the use of antibiotics to control infections. At the same time should be used with 2~3 times daily with antibiotics of atomizing inhalation of liquid from the mouth and nose, has certain effect to prevent pneumonia, Lung abscess. Should be given to children on low body temperature warm. Note that turning back, to improve the pulmonary circulation, cause of pulmonary infection of absorption and recovery.

3. Prevent drowning accidents often occurs in swimming activities, thus strengthening the Organization and security of swimming education is the most active drowning prevention measures. When children learn to swim, you must have a specialist is responsible for the care, hunger, fatigue case should not be swimming. In rural and peri-urban, rivers, ponds, dams should be strengthened in the vicinity of management measures to prevent drowning in children. Parents should pay attention to prevent children playing alone to the river and into a river.