The main factors leading to mental retardation in children

Children with mental retardation due to brain development disorder, caused by inadequate mental activity and development as a whole. Outstanding performance for poor learning abilities in daily life difficult in themselves. Causes of mental retardation in children for various reasons, mainly has following several aspects:

First, genetic

Genetic factors is one of the main reasons leading to severe mental retardation. It is reported that in developed countries, by the mental retardation of genetic disease accounted for more than half of the total number of severe mental retardation.

In addition, there is an abnormal mental retardation found no clinical. Such mental retardation is generally considered as much interaction between genes and biological environmental factor for non-medical results, so it is called \"community--culture-\" or \"social psychological type--\" mental retardation. Such abnormal clinical epidemic features of patients with mental retardation have found the following:

① the socio-economic and cultural conditions worse, its higher prevalence in the population;
② the lower prevalence of preschool, school-age rapidly increased prevalence peaks in adolescence;
③ such greater concentration in children with mental retardation mental retardation in his mother\'s family.??
Also found in recent years, some abnormal chromosome fine also can cause mental retardation, making position of chromosome abnormalities in the pathogenic causes of mental retardation more visible.

Second, infection and obstructed labour

Before birth causes: first 4 months of pregnancy in pregnant women infected with rubella virus, influenza and other viral diseases, can cause fetal congenital malformations, great harm to the fetus and infants, easily lead to congenital malformations and mental disorders.

Perinatal causes:
1. suffocation: key factors to hypoxia, prematurity, intracranial hemorrhage and high bilirubin blood. Cerebral hypoxia caused by many causes, such as placental dysfunction, Placental Abruption, umbilical cord torsion, and other causes of cord around neck and due to various factors of the imperial household Agency (or neonatal) asphyxia. For 1.2%~5.3% in the incidence of perinatal fetal asphyxia, hypoxic encephalopathy is caused by their more visible in perinatal nervous system lesions, General prognosis is good, but more serious fetal asphyxia can cause irreversible brain damage, leaving varying degrees of sequelae, such as mental retardation, such as dyskinesia and convulsions. Research has shown that, apnea for more than 15 minutes, can cause irreversible damage of the nervous system in children.??
2. the weight and head circumference: low birth weight infants when it refers to the birth weight of less than 2500g in children. Research staff consider that: the spirit of early neural development of low birth weight infants after school, childhood intelligence and learning abilities are generally worse than normal. They pointed out: General birth weight of predictions of future intellectual development have some significance. Study: low birth weight (LBW) in particular the very low birth weight infants (VLBW), is a major cause of mental retardation in children the perinatal factors.??

Three, nutrition

Many studies showed that malnutrition during pregnancy is one of the main reasons for the intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Where a mother is malnourished, and physical development in children are obviously slow this small yanger is often associated with low intelligence, behavior, or other disabilities.

Four, community and family psychological factors

Early human emotional deprivation, social isolation, lack of motherly love, orphans without care, children, culture of occlusion in patients with severe mental illness, inappropriate teaching methods can affect the level of intelligence.

Socio-economic status of the high class, stable family structure, or children whose mothers had received a good education, have produced negative factors with the only difference between the control group IQ in children 5~7, and in the low socio-economic status, family instability or mother fail to be good in the education of children, have produced negative factors of children\'s intelligence quotient 19~37 lower than the control group. This illustrates, intrapartum factors itself for subsequent physical and mental development of children is not too large, only combined with adverse environmental and psychological factors to show its effect.

Experts believe that family, with many children, short birth intervals, twins and their parents divorce have a direct impact on the intellectual development of children or obstacles.

Significance of educational evaluation in the education of mentally retarded children

The so-called education evaluation, is to do a good job of education and teaching, assessment based on the results of psychological measurement
And the other a wide range of information, on the assessment of physical and mental characteristics, development of individual and group level and there is a process of judgment, the question of interpretation.

Mentally handicapped children education evaluation has the following meaning:
　
(A) the education evaluation make school education more in line with the actual needs of children.

Education of mentally handicapped children adapt to life\'s ultimate goal is to make mentally handicapped, to engage in a simple social labor, workers become a self-reliant, both reached the transition from a natural person to the community. Each has its own living space or environment in mentally retarded children, adapt to life from the very gist above say that is better able to adapt to the living environment. Mentally handicapped child assessment can provide a wealth of information for teaching and other teaching resources to support, so you can make school education more responsive to student needs to adapt to life, reflects the principle of course of life. Education for mentally handicapped children in education and teaching methods for the needs of student life, meet the students \' practical, so as to achieve ideal teaching effect.
　
(B) education assessment to enable schools to better display their abilities.
　　
By education assessment to understand all aspects of student development of vulnerable, such as physiological status, personality characteristics, cognitive function, language, social, emotional, academic achievement, and so on. Schools and teachers can use these materials to students with reasonable class and group teaching; the teaching according to each student evaluation of teaching material organization, you can turn individual counselling, so as to maximize the advantages of every mentally handicapped child, up so that maximum development of mentally retarded children.